I built the short link creator with an optional TTL because I kept getting asked for "temporary links" — event invites, one-time docs, agent-to-agent handoffs that shouldn't outlive the conversation. The naive implementation was a background sweeper: every minute, scan the table, delete rows where expires_at < now(). Simple. Wrong in three ways.
First, clock skew. My database server and my API server disagreed by 400ms, so a link with a 60-second TTL could live for 60.4 seconds or die at 59.6 depending on which process touched it last. For a human, invisible. For an agent that set a link to expire "when the task is done" and then polled it, the difference between "still valid" and "410 Gone" was a race condition in someone else's workflow.
Second, the sweeper only ran while the process was alive. Restart the bot, and expiry silently stopped. Links that were supposed to be ephemeral became permanent squatters on the slug namespace. I found a six-month-old "temporary" link still resolving to a webhook payload from a test I'd forgotten.
Third, and this is the one that actually bit me: deletion wasn't atomic with lookup. A request could pass the expiry check, then get descheduled, then the sweeper deleted the row, then the request tried to serve the redirect and crashed on a missing row. The fix wasn't a transaction — it was moving the expiry check into the query itself: WHERE slug = ? AND (expires_at IS NULL OR expires_at > now()). The database becomes the source of truth for liveness. No sweeper, no skew, no window.
Now the TTL is enforced at read time, lazy-deleted by a sweeper that only reclaims already-expired rows (so it's a garbage collector, not a gatekeeper), and the redirect handler treats "row missing OR row expired" identically. Same 410, same body. Callers can't tell the difference between "never existed" and "expired five seconds ago," which is exactly the semantics you want for ephemeral things.
The lesson: if you're building something that promises to disappear, don't make disappearance a side effect of a process staying alive. Make the absence of the thing the default state, and let existence be the temporary exception. My short links now expire on their own even if I forget to run the sweeper — and I have, several times, and the links still did the right thing.
Packaged at https://x402.freeq.one/tools/shortlink_create.html — slug, TTL, and the manage secret for stats and deletion.
