If you built your app with Lovable, Bolt, Cursor or another AI builder on top of Supabase, the database layer is where things quietly go wrong. Nothing errors, the app "works", and the data is readable by anyone who opens DevTools.
Here's a single read-only query you can paste into Supabase → SQL Editor → Run. It changes nothing. Every row it returns is a real problem.
select * from (
-- 1. Tables without Row Level Security
select 'CRITICAL: table without RLS' as problem, tablename::text as "table", null::text as policy,
'alter table public.' || tablename || ' enable row level security; -- then add per-user policies' as fix
from pg_tables
where schemaname = 'public' and not rowsecurity
union all
-- 2. Policies that are just "true"
select 'HIGH: policy open to everyone (' || cmd || ')', tablename::text, policyname::text,
'replace true with a real condition, e.g. (auth.uid() = user_id)'
from pg_policies
where schemaname = 'public' and (qual = 'true' or with_check = 'true')
union all
-- 3. Write policies without a SELECT policy
select 'HIGH: can write but cannot read', tablename::text, null,
'create policy "read own" on public.' || tablename || ' for select using (auth.uid() = user_id);'
from pg_policies
where schemaname = 'public'
group by tablename
having bool_or(cmd in ('INSERT', 'UPDATE', 'DELETE')) and not bool_or(cmd in ('SELECT', 'ALL'))
) checks
order by problem;
1. Tables without RLS
Your Supabase anon key is public because it ships in your frontend JavaScript. That's fine when RLS is on. With RLS off, anyone holding that key can read and modify the whole table through the REST API.
This isn't hypothetical. It's the pattern behind CVE-2025-48757: in a scan of 1,645 Lovable-built apps, 170 had exposed databases.
2. Policies that are just true
These usually come from a debugging session: "the insert fails, make the error go away". RLS looks enabled in the dashboard, but a using (true) policy lets everyone through. For truly public read-only data (a product catalog, say) a SELECT … using (true) can be intentional. On anything else, or on write policies, it almost never is.
3. Write policies without a SELECT policy (the confusing one)
Symptoms:
- Inserts fail with
42501 new row violates row-level security policy for table …even though your INSERT policy is correct, sometimes even when it's literallywith check (true). - "It works in the SQL Editor but not from the app."
- Deletes or updates return success but affect 0 rows.
Why: supabase-js runs INSERT … RETURNING by default, so Postgres has to let you see the row you just inserted, and that is governed by the SELECT policy. With no SELECT policy, the insert is rejected. Filtered DELETE/UPDATE can only touch rows that are visible through SELECT, so they silently match nothing. The SQL Editor query has no RETURNING, which is why it works there.
I found this exact root cause in three separate threads in the Supabase GitHub discussions in September alone (#50483, #50265, #49801). A variant is a SELECT policy that queries its own table and can't see the row created in the same statement. Use a direct column check such as auth.uid() = user_id.
What to do with the results
- No rows: 🎉 these three are covered. This check doesn't cover everything: policies can still be logically wrong, and service-role keys can still leak into the frontend.
- Rows you're not sure how to fix: each row includes a suggested fix. Test in a branch or a staging project first, never straight in production.
The query is also in this repo, alongside a worked example of rescuing a broken AI-built app (9 bugs, a test for each, before/after): citafacil-rescue.
I fix apps built with AI tools that work in preview but break in production. If you ran this and something came up, feel free to comment with the table names (never data).
