Safety studies often fail for a surprisingly ordinary reason: the data trail is hard to reproduce.
A HAZOP workshop may produce hundreds of deviations, causes, safeguards and actions. A QRA may combine release frequencies, weather data, consequence models, ignition assumptions and population inputs. If those elements live in disconnected spreadsheets with inconsistent naming, the study becomes difficult to review and even harder to update.
Here is a lightweight data workflow that keeps the analysis auditable.
1. Give every object a stable ID
Use permanent identifiers for process nodes, equipment, scenarios, safeguards and actions. A node called REACTOR_FEED_01 should keep that ID even if its display name changes.
Stable IDs make joins predictable and stop small wording changes from creating duplicate records.
2. Separate source data from calculated results
Keep raw inputs immutable:
- equipment and line lists
- P&IDs and revision numbers
- material properties
- failure-frequency sources
- weather and population datasets
- operator or inspection evidence
Calculated fields—risk ranking, release rate, consequence distance and individual-risk contribution—should be generated from those inputs rather than manually pasted over them.
3. Store assumptions as first-class data
An assumption is not a comment buried in a workbook. Give it an owner, source, date, status and affected scenario IDs.
A small assumptions table can contain:
| Field | Example |
|---|---|
| assumption_id | A-014 |
| statement | Detector response time is 30 seconds |
| source | Vendor datasheet, rev 3 |
| owner | Instrumentation lead |
| affected_scenarios | S-021, S-022 |
| review_status | Approved |
This makes later revalidation much faster.
4. Build validation checks into the workflow
Before review, automatically flag:
- scenarios without a source or node ID
- safeguards with no evidence reference
- duplicated scenario IDs
- actions without owners or due dates
- consequence results generated from superseded inputs
- risk values whose units do not match the project standard
Even basic spreadsheet formulas or a short script can catch these issues before a workshop or client review.
5. Preserve version history
Record the dataset version, model version and document revision used for each run. A result without its input version is not reproducible.
For teams using Git, text-based CSV, JSON or YAML exports can provide a useful change history. For spreadsheet-heavy projects, a controlled document register and locked issue copies are still better than emailing files named final_v7_revised.xlsx.
6. Link HAZOP and QRA without mixing their purposes
HAZOP is primarily a structured qualitative method for identifying deviations, causes, consequences and safeguards. QRA quantifies selected accident scenarios using frequency and consequence analysis.
The datasets should connect through scenario IDs, but the methods should not be treated as interchangeable. A clear explanation of the distinction is available in this HAZOP vs QRA guide.
A minimal schema
A practical starting point is five connected tables:
nodeshazop_deviationsscenariossafeguardsactions
The goal is not to build a large software platform. It is to make every conclusion traceable from source input to review decision.
When the data structure is clean, workshops become easier to facilitate, assumptions are easier to challenge, and future updates cost much less.
