On Tuesday, Keir Starmer told ministers he wanted to “resolve difficult issues” as Labour faces a possible leadership transition. By Wednesday, the hardest one was already obvious: whether Andy Burnham, if he succeeds Starmer, will be pressed to go beyond the £13.5bn Defence Investment Plan and revive war bonds as a politically saleable route to higher UK defence spending.
Senior No 10 aides plan to lobby Burnham during access talks over the idea, according to Guardian World. That timing matters. This is no longer just a routine fight between the Treasury and the Ministry of Defence. It is becoming a test of how Labour may frame defence spending if power shifts inside the party.
Tuesday’s cabinet push turned war bonds into a Burnham succession test
Starmer’s argument to cabinet was transitional: settle difficult files now, including the long-delayed Defence Investment Plan, so any successor faces fewer unresolved battles. No 10 says the plan is a big spending commitment, but an existing one.
That has not ended the fight. Senior No 10 figures want the Treasury to be allowed to borrow more for military spending. They also want Burnham, if he enters No 10, to invest beyond the ÂŁ13.5bn earmarked for the Dip.
The political signal is sharp. Lobbying Burnham in access talks treats him as a possible future decision-maker, not just a former mayor with national ambitions. XOOMAR analysis: the revival of war bonds is less a technical fix than a political device. It reframes extra borrowing as patriotic, ring-fenced, and easier to defend than a broad loosening of fiscal discipline.
Defence is therefore becoming part of the wider argument about Labour’s direction. The key question is not only who signs off the next plan, but whether the party can make higher military spending sound compatible with fiscal credibility.
The £13.5bn plan may become Burnham’s floor, not his ceiling
The Defence Investment Plan is already being treated by some in government as the baseline rather than the end of the argument. The Guardian’s reporting suggests senior No 10 figures want Burnham to go further than the current £13.5bn settlement if he becomes prime minister.
Burnham’s room for manoeuvre would depend on what is settled before any transition. If extra money is found and military leaders are reassured, he may decide not to reopen the argument immediately. If the plan is seen as insufficient, pressure to revisit the settlement could build quickly.
The pressure points named in the source are broad but serious: depleted UK defence capabilities, concerns from the defence establishment, and a wider fear that Britain’s armed forces may not be prepared for the scale of threat now being described by senior military figures.
Air chief marshal Sir Richard Knighton said Britain needs armed forces that can go “toe to toe with Russia” and “armed forces that our adversaries are scared of”.
Knighton’s historical comparison was deliberately stark. British defence spending “went from 2.9% in 1936, to 9% in 1939, to 52% of GDP in 1945,” far beyond the 2.7% of GDP target for next year. The point was not that ministers expect all-out war. The point was that deterrence costs less than failure.
Wednesday’s war bonds push gives borrowing a patriotic wrapper
The war bonds idea circulating around No 10 would create a dedicated route for raising money for defence. The attraction is political as much as financial: voters are being asked to see borrowing for national security as different from ordinary day-to-day spending.
That distinction is exactly where the Treasury problem begins. Earmarking debt does not make the liability disappear. It still sits with the state. Bond buyers still expect compensation. Future budgets still carry the cost.
Still, the political appeal is obvious.
| Funding route | Political benefit | Constraint named in source |
|---|---|---|
| ÂŁ13.5bn Dip settlement | Existing commitment, easier to present as planned spending | May be viewed as insufficient by defence advocates |
| War bonds | Makes defence borrowing feel targeted and patriotic | Raises Treasury concerns about higher borrowing |
| Alternative defence finance mechanisms | Could support industrial output and procurement | Would still need safeguards and fiscal approval |
Supporters of a ring-fenced approach argue that defence is not just another spending line. It is a national resilience issue, and that gives ministers a stronger case for asking the public to accept extra costs.
XOOMAR analysis: the term war bonds cuts both ways. It can make voters feel they are directly funding national security. It can also make ministers sound closer to wartime mobilisation than they may want to admit.
Healey’s resignation made the Treasury fight harder to contain
The defence spending row has become harder to contain because it sits at the intersection of personnel, policy and money. Even without treating any future leadership outcome as settled, the issue is already being framed around what a possible Burnham government would inherit.
The Treasury’s concern is not hard to read from the source material. It has resisted the idea of special borrowing routes for defence, and it is wary of limiting borrowed money to one specific purpose.
That resistance is institutional as much as political. If defence gets a special borrowing channel, other departments may ask why their priorities do not qualify. The source does not say that this argument has been made explicitly by Treasury officials, but it is the logical risk created by ring-fenced borrowing.
Burnham’s calculation is different. The Independent has reported that he has said he is “not at all squeamish” about reducing the welfare bill to fund defence, framing that around moving people from welfare into work. That helps him sound fiscally serious while still accepting the need for higher defence and security spending.
The risk is that he could inherit both sides of the argument: military leaders demanding urgency, and fiscal conservatives warning against special routes around borrowing limits.
The July Nato summit creates a second financing track
War bonds are not the only idea in play. Labour figures and defence advocates have also discussed wider mechanisms for increasing defence investment, particularly where public money can support industrial capacity and supply chains.
That matters because the defence finance debate is not only about headline spending totals. It is also about whether Britain can turn political commitments into equipment, production and readiness. Extra money that cannot be spent effectively would not solve the underlying problem.
The industrial question is central. Defence companies, especially smaller suppliers, need predictable demand, access to capital and confidence that procurement decisions will not be delayed. If ministers want more factories, jobs, exports, innovation and resilient supply chains, financing design will matter as much as rhetoric.
XOOMAR analysis: this is the cleanest version of the defence finance debate. War bonds speak to voters. Industrial finance speaks to suppliers. The Dip speaks to Whitehall. Burnham may need all three languages if he wants to turn defence promises into funded capability.
Burnham’s next decision is whether war bonds become policy or theatre
The next decision point is likely to come as the Defence Investment Plan and Nato discussions sharpen the pressure on Labour’s defence position. If the settlement is accepted by military leaders and enough extra money is found, Burnham may choose not to reopen the fight immediately if he succeeds Starmer.
If the Dip still leaves defence leaders dissatisfied, the pressure will land on him fast. No 10 allies and defence advocates will keep pressing for a ring-fenced mechanism. The Treasury will push for caps, definitions, and proof that any new financing route does not weaken the wider fiscal position.
For Burnham, the viable route is narrow. He would need to pair patriotic language with hard safeguards: what the money funds, how procurement is audited, how repayment works, and whether military leaders believe the spending closes real gaps.
War bonds can become politically useful. They won’t answer the deeper question by themselves: whether Britain is prepared to pay permanently more for defence, rather than relabel one more borrowing fight as national duty.
Impact Analysis
- Defence spending is becoming a central test of Labour’s potential leadership transition.
- War bonds could give Labour a politically easier way to justify extra military borrowing.
- The dispute signals growing tension between fiscal discipline and national security priorities.
Originally published on XOOMAR. For more news and analysis, visit XOOMAR.
