Supercharge throughput with Rust 1.85 and Terraform 1.7: Results

// Rust 1.85 Axum 0.7 high-throughput HTTP server with p99 latency tracking
// Required dependencies (Cargo.toml):
// [dependencies]
// axum = "0.7"
// tokio = { version = "1.36", features = ["full"] }
// metrics = "0.21"
// metrics-exporter-prometheus = "0.12"
// serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
// thiserror = "1.0"

use axum::{
    extract::State,
    routing::get,
    Router,
};
use metrics::{counter, gauge, histogram};
use metrics_exporter_prometheus::{PrometheusBuilder, PrometheusHandle};
use serde::Serialize;
use std::net::SocketAddr;
use std::sync::Arc;
use thiserror::Error;
use tokio::net::TcpListener;

#[derive(Error, Debug)]
enum ServerError {
    #[error("Failed to bind to address: {0}")]
    BindError(#[from] std::io::Error),
    #[error("Prometheus exporter failed: {0}")]
    MetricsError(#[from] metrics_exporter_prometheus::Error),
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct HealthResponse {
    status: String,
    version: String,
    rust_version: String,
}

#[derive(Clone)]
struct AppState {
    start_time: std::time::Instant,
    prometheus_handle: PrometheusHandle,
}

async fn health_check(State(state): State) -> axum::Json {
    let latency = state.start_time.elapsed();
    histogram!("health_check_latency_ms").record(latency.as_millis() as f64);
    counter!("health_check_total").increment(1);

    axum::Json(HealthResponse {
        status: "healthy".to_string(),
        version: env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION").to_string(),
        rust_version: rustc_version_runtime::version().to_string(),
    })
}

async fn benchmark_endpoint(State(state): State) -> &'static str {
    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
    // Simulate 1ms of async work to mimic real workload
    tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;
    let elapsed = start.elapsed();
    histogram!("benchmark_endpoint_latency_ms").record(elapsed.as_millis() as f64);
    counter!("benchmark_endpoint_total").increment(1);
    "ok"
}

#[tokio::main(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
async fn main() -> Result<(), ServerError> {
    // Initialize metrics exporter
    let builder = PrometheusBuilder::new();
    let handle = builder
        .set_buckets_for_metric(
            Some("benchmark_endpoint_latency_ms"),
            &[1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 8.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 50.0],
        )?
        .install()?;

    // Track startup time
    let start_time = std::time::Instant::now();
    let state = AppState {
        start_time,
        prometheus_handle: handle.clone(),
    };
    let state = Arc::new(state);

    // Build router with instrumented endpoints
    let app = Router::new()
        .route("/health", get(health_check))
        .route("/benchmark", get(benchmark_endpoint))
        .with_state(state.clone());

    // Bind to address
    let addr = SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], 8080));
    let listener = TcpListener::bind(addr).await?;
    println!("Server running on {}", addr);
    gauge!("server_startup_time_ms").set(start_time.elapsed().as_millis() as f64);

    // Start server
    axum::serve(listener, app)
        .await?;

    Ok(())
}

# Terraform 1.7 EKS cluster provisioning with parallel resource graph optimization
# Requires Terraform 1.7.0+, AWS provider 5.36+
# New in Terraform 1.7: parallel graph executor breaks resource dependencies into independent subgraphs
# to reduce provisioning time for large clusters

terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.7.0"
  required_providers {
    aws = {
      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
      version = ">= 5.36.0"
    }
    kubernetes = {
      source  = "hashicorp/kubernetes"
      version = ">= 2.23.0"
    }
  }
  # Use S3 backend for state locking
  backend "s3" {
    bucket         = "my-org-terraform-state"
    key            = "eks/terraform.tfstate"
    region         = "us-east-1"
    encrypt        = true
    dynamodb_table = "terraform-lock"
  }
}

provider "aws" {
  region = var.aws_region
}

# Variables
variable "aws_region" {
  type    = string
  default = "us-east-1"
}

variable "cluster_name" {
  type    = string
  default = "rust-terraform-benchmark"
}

variable "node_count" {
  type    = number
  default = 500
}

# VPC configuration (serial dependency: must complete before EKS)
resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
  cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
  tags = {
    Name = "${var.cluster_name}-vpc"
  }
}

resource "aws_subnet" "public" {
  count             = 3
  vpc_id            = aws_vpc.main.id
  cidr_block        = "10.0.${count.index}.0/24"
  availability_zone = "${var.aws_region}${element(["a", "b", "c"], count.index)}"
  tags = {
    Name = "${var.cluster_name}-public-subnet-${count.index}"
  }
}

# IAM roles (parallel with VPC: no dependency, Terraform 1.7 runs these in parallel)
resource "aws_iam_role" "eks_cluster" {
  name = "${var.cluster_name}-eks-cluster-role"
  assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
    Version = "2012-10-17"
    Statement = [{
      Action = "sts:AssumeRole"
      Effect = "Allow"
      Principal = { Service = "eks.amazonaws.com" }
    }]
  })
  tags = {
    Name = "${var.cluster_name}-eks-cluster-role"
  }
}

resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "eks_cluster_policy" {
  role       = aws_iam_role.eks_cluster.name
  policy_arn = "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEKSClusterPolicy"
}

# EKS Cluster (depends on VPC and IAM roles, Terraform 1.7 parallelizes sub-resources)
resource "aws_eks_cluster" "main" {
  name     = var.cluster_name
  role_arn = aws_iam_role.eks_cluster.arn
  vpc_config {
    subnet_ids = aws_subnet.public[*].id
  }
  tags = {
    Name = var.cluster_name
  }
  # Terraform 1.7: parallelize encryption config and logging config
  encryption_config {
    resources = ["secrets"]
    provider {
      key_arn = aws_kms_key.eks.arn
    }
  }
  enabled_cluster_log_types = ["api", "audit", "authenticator"]
}

# KMS key for EKS secrets (parallel with IAM roles, no dependency on VPC)
resource "aws_kms_key" "eks" {
  description             = "EKS secrets encryption key"
  deletion_window_in_days = 7
  tags = {
    Name = "${var.cluster_name}-kms-key"
  }
}

# Node groups (Terraform 1.7 provisions all 500 nodes in parallel batches of 50)
resource "aws_eks_node_group" "main" {
  count           = ceil(var.node_count / 50)
  cluster_name    = aws_eks_cluster.main.name
  node_group_name = "${var.cluster_name}-node-group-${count.index}"
  node_role_arn   = aws_iam_role.eks_nodes.arn
  subnet_ids      = aws_subnet.public[*].id
  scaling_config {
    desired_size = min(50, var.node_count - (count.index * 50))
    max_size     = 50
    min_size     = 1
  }
  instance_types = ["c6i.xlarge"]
  tags = {
    Name = "${var.cluster_name}-node-group-${count.index}"
  }
}

# IAM role for nodes (parallel with cluster IAM role)
resource "aws_iam_role" "eks_nodes" {
  name = "${var.cluster_name}-eks-node-role"
  assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
    Version = "2012-10-17"
    Statement = [{
      Action = "sts:AssumeRole"
      Effect = "Allow"
      Principal = { Service = "ec2.amazonaws.com" }
    }]
  })
}

resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "eks_worker_node_policy" {
  role       = aws_iam_role.eks_nodes.name
  policy_arn = "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEKSWorkerNodePolicy"
}

resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "eks_cni_policy" {
  role       = aws_iam_role.eks_nodes.name
  policy_arn = "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEKS_CNI_Policy"
}

resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "ecr_read_only" {
  role       = aws_iam_role.eks_nodes.name
  policy_arn = "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryReadOnly"
}

# Outputs
output "cluster_endpoint" {
  value = aws_eks_cluster.main.endpoint
}

output "cluster_name" {
  value = aws_eks_cluster.main.name
}

// Rust 1.85 CLI to benchmark Rust HTTP server and Terraform provisioning
// Dependencies (Cargo.toml):
// [dependencies]
// clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["derive"] }
// tokio = { version = "1.36", features = ["full"] }
// reqwest = { version = "0.12", features = ["json"] }
// csv = "1.3"
// serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
// thiserror = "1.0"
// std::process = "1.0"

use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
use reqwest::Client;
use serde::Serialize;
use std::process::Command;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use thiserror::Error;

#[derive(Error, Debug)]
enum BenchError {
    #[error("Failed to run Terraform command: {0}")]
    TerraformError(#[from] std::io::Error),
    #[error("Failed to send HTTP request: {0}")]
    HttpError(#[from] reqwest::Error),
    #[error("Failed to write CSV: {0}")]
    CsvError(#[from] csv::Error),
}

#[derive(Parser)]
#[command(version, about = "Benchmark Rust 1.85 and Terraform 1.7 throughput")]
struct Cli {
    #[command(subcommand)]
    command: Commands,
}

#[derive(Subcommand)]
enum Commands {
    /// Benchmark Rust HTTP server throughput
    RustBench {
        #[arg(short, long, default_value = "8080")]
        port: u16,
        #[arg(short, long, default_value = "10")]
        iterations: usize,
    },
    /// Benchmark Terraform 1.7 provisioning time
    TerraformBench {
        #[arg(short, long, default_value = "10")]
        iterations: usize,
    },
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct RustBenchResult {
    iteration: usize,
    rps: u32,
    p99_latency_ms: f64,
    timestamp: String,
}

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct TerraformBenchResult {
    iteration: usize,
    provisioning_time_ms: u128,
    node_count: u32,
    timestamp: String,
}

async fn run_rust_bench(port: u16, iterations: usize) -> Result, BenchError> {
    let client = Client::new();
    let mut results = Vec::new();
    let base_url = format!("http://localhost:{}", port);

    // Warm up
    for _ in 0..100 {
        let _ = client.get(&format!("{}/health", base_url)).send().await;
    }

    for i in 0..iterations {
        let start = Instant::now();
        let mut success_count = 0;
        let mut latencies = Vec::new();

        // Send 1000 requests per iteration
        for _ in 0..1000 {
            let req_start = Instant::now();
            match client.get(&format!("{}/benchmark", base_url)).send().await {
                Ok(_) => {
                    success_count += 1;
                    latencies.push(req_start.elapsed().as_millis() as f64);
                }
                Err(e) => eprintln!("Request failed: {}", e),
            }
        }

        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
        let rps = (success_count as f64 / elapsed.as_secs_f64()) as u32;
        latencies.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
        let p99 = latencies[latencies.len() * 99 / 100];

        results.push(RustBenchResult {
            iteration: i + 1,
            rps,
            p99_latency_ms: p99,
            timestamp: chrono::Utc::now().to_rfc3339(),
        });
        println!("Rust Iteration {}: {} RPS, {}ms p99", i + 1, rps, p99);
    }

    Ok(results)
}

fn run_terraform_bench(iterations: usize) -> Result, BenchError> {
    let mut results = Vec::new();
    let node_count = 10; // Small cluster for benchmark

    for i in 0..iterations {
        let start = Instant::now();
        // Run terraform apply with auto-approve
        let status = Command::new("terraform")
            .arg("apply")
            .arg("-auto-approve")
            .arg("-var")
            .arg(format!("node_count={}", node_count))
            .current_dir("./terraform")
            .status()?;

        if !status.success() {
            return Err(BenchError::TerraformError(std::io::Error::new(
                std::io::ErrorKind::Other,
                "Terraform apply failed",
            )));
        }

        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
        results.push(TerraformBenchResult {
            iteration: i + 1,
            provisioning_time_ms: elapsed.as_millis(),
            node_count,
            timestamp: chrono::Utc::now().to_rfc3339(),
        });
        println!("Terraform Iteration {}: {}ms", i + 1, elapsed.as_millis());

        // Clean up
        let _ = Command::new("terraform")
            .arg("destroy")
            .arg("-auto-approve")
            .current_dir("./terraform")
            .status();
    }

    Ok(results)
}

fn main() -> Result<(), BenchError> {
    let cli = Cli::parse();
    match cli.command {
        Commands::RustBench { port, iterations } => {
            let rt = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new()?;
            let results = rt.block_on(run_rust_bench(port, iterations))?;
            let mut writer = csv::Writer::from_path("rust_bench_results.csv")?;
            for result in results {
                writer.serialize(result)?;
            }
            writer.flush()?;
            println!("Rust results written to rust_bench_results.csv");
        }
        Commands::TerraformBench { iterations } => {
            let results = run_terraform_bench(iterations)?;
            let mut writer = csv::Writer::from_path("terraform_bench_results.csv")?;
            for result in results {
                writer.serialize(result)?;
            }
            writer.flush()?;
            println!("Terraform results written to terraform_bench_results.csv");
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

// Cargo.toml feature flag for SIMD
[dependencies.axum]
version = "0.7"
features = ["simd"]  // Enables Rust 1.85 SIMD optimizations

# CLI flag for increased parallelism
terraform apply -parallelism=50 -auto-approve

// Capture Terraform execution time in Rust
let start = std::time::Instant::now();
let status = Command::new("terraform").arg("apply").arg("-auto-approve").status()?;
let elapsed = start.elapsed();
histogram!("terraform_provisioning_time_ms").record(elapsed.as_millis() as f64);