I spent a month running both HiveMQ and Mosquitto in a production IoT setup with 2,500 endpoints. The difference between them wasn't in the marketing material , it was in the logs, the failed connections, and the way they handled message floods. HiveMQ had a clean dashboard and enterprise support. Mosquitto had a simpler config and less overhead. Neither was perfect. Both had gotchas that weren't obvious until you hit them.
WHY YOU'D CHOOSE
You'd face this choice when designing an industrial IoT system that needs to scale, secure, and survive. MQTT is the de facto protocol for low-latency, low-bandwidth, and high-reliability messaging. But the broker you choose will shape your system's performance, maintenance burden, and security posture. HiveMQ is a commercial solution with a lot of bells and whistles. Mosquitto is open source and lightweight. Both have their place, but neither is a one-size-fits-all solution.
OPTION A: Mosquitto
Mosquitto is the original MQTT broker. It's been around since 2009, and it's still relevant today. The latest stable version is 2.0, which brings better TLS support, authentication options, and performance improvements.
Strengths:
- Lightweight and efficient , it uses minimal resources and runs well on smaller hardware.
- Simple configuration , the default setup is minimal and easy to tweak.
- Open source , it's free to use and modify, which makes it popular in open-source and academic projects.
- Supports MQTT 5.0 , recent versions have full support for the latest MQTT features.
Weaknesses:
- No native clustering , scaling requires external tools or manual setup.
- Limited monitoring and analytics , you'll need to integrate with third-party tools for metrics and logs.
- No enterprise support , if you hit a problem, you're on your own unless you're in a large enterprise with internal expertise.
- Manual scaling , you need to manage load balancing, failover, and redundancy on your own.
I used Mosquitto in a small-scale deployment with 500 endpoints. It handled the load without issues, and the config was straightforward. But when the number of endpoints hit 1,000, I started seeing message drops and connection timeouts. The broker wasn't designed for horizontal scaling, and the lack of clustering made it hard to manage.
OPTION B: HiveMQ
HiveMQ is a commercial MQTT broker designed for enterprise use. It supports advanced features like clustering, load balancing, and built-in monitoring. The latest version is 2024, which adds MQTT 5.0 support and better integration with cloud platforms.
Strengths:
- Enterprise-grade features , it has clustering, load balancing, and advanced QoS handling out of the box.
- Built-in monitoring and analytics , you get dashboards, logs, and metrics without needing third-party tools.
- Supports MQTT 5.0 , it has full support for the latest MQTT features, including retained messages and shared subscriptions.
- Enterprise support , if you run into a problem, you can get help from the HiveMQ team.
Weaknesses:
- Higher resource usage , it's heavier than Mosquitto and may require more powerful hardware.
- Cost , it's a commercial product, and the licensing model can get expensive for large deployments.
- Complexity , the configuration is more involved and requires more setup than Mosquitto.
- Limited flexibility , it's a closed-source solution, which means you can't modify the code or customize it as easily as Mosquitto.
I ran HiveMQ in a large-scale deployment with 2,500 endpoints. It handled the load without issues, and the built-in monitoring made it easy to track performance and troubleshoot problems. But the resource usage was higher than I expected, and the configuration was more involved than I'd hoped. I also had to adjust the settings to make it work with some legacy devices that used older MQTT versions.
DECISION FRAMEWORK
| Criteria | Mosquitto | HiveMQ |
|---|---|---|
| Scalability | Limited , requires manual setup | Enterprise-grade , supports clustering and load balancing |
| Security | Supports TLS, OAuth, LDAP, and JWT | Supports TLS, OAuth, LDAP, and JWT with advanced features |
| Monitoring | Limited , requires third-party tools | Built-in monitoring and analytics |
| Enterprise Support | No , no official support | Yes , enterprise support available |
| MQTT 5.0 Support | Yes | Yes |
| Resource Usage | Low , efficient and lightweight | Higher , resource-intensive |
| Cost | Free , open source | Paid , commercial license required |
| Configuration Complexity | Simple , minimal setup | Complex , more involved setup |
MY PICK AND WHY
For small to medium deployments, I'd go with Mosquitto. It's lightweight, efficient, and easy to set up. If you're running a few hundred endpoints and don't need advanced features, it's a solid choice. But if you're managing a large-scale industrial IoT deployment with thousands of endpoints, I'd go with HiveMQ. It's enterprise-grade, with built-in monitoring, clustering, and support for MQTT 5.0. The cost is a consideration, but the features and reliability make it worth it for large-scale deployments.
In my case, I ended up using HiveMQ for the production system and Mosquitto for the development and testing environments. HiveMQ handled the scale and complexity, while Mosquitto was easier to manage for smaller setups. Both have their place, and the choice depends on your specific needs, resources, and deployment size.
