U.S. Refund Delays Underscore Border Complexity
U.S. Customs and Border Protection recently confirmed that refunds tied to rescinded tariffs will take 60-90 days to process, significantly longer than the 45-day window initially promised. While this development directly affects American importers, it serves as a timely reminder for Canadian companies engaged in cross-border trade: duty recovery mechanisms are complex, timelines are unpredictable, and proper documentation is essential.
For mid-market Canadian importers managing shipments from the United States or routing goods through American ports, understanding how duty adjustments work on both sides of the border becomes critical when tariff policies shift.
How Duty Adjustments Work in Canada
Unlike the ad-hoc refund system CBP is deploying for specific rescinded tariffs, Canada operates under established protocols for duty recovery through the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). Canadian importers have two primary mechanisms for recovering overpaid duties:
Duty drawback programs allow importers to recover duties paid on goods that are subsequently exported, destroyed under CBSA supervision, or used as inputs in exported manufactured products. The process requires detailed record-keeping and typically takes several months to complete.
Tariff classification corrections can be submitted when goods were classified under the wrong Harmonized System (HS) code at the time of import. If a more favourable classification applies, importers can request adjustments within four years of the original import date. Our HS classification tools help importers verify codes before entry to avoid overpayment in the first place.
CARM and the New Compliance Landscape
The CBSA Assessment and Revenue Management (CARM) system has fundamentally changed how duty adjustments are processed in Canada. Since full implementation, all correction requests must flow through the CARM Client Portal, adding digital workflow requirements that many importers find challenging.
Under CARM, importers bear direct financial responsibility for duties and taxes, even when working with a customs broker. This shift means that duty overpayments directly impact your cash flow, and recovery delays affect your bottom line more immediately than under the previous system.
Key CARM implications for duty recovery:
- All adjustment requests require digital submission with supporting documentation uploaded to the portal
- Financial security requirements may affect your ability to defer duties while adjustments are pending
- Audit trails must be maintained in CARM-compliant formats
- Response times from CBSA can vary significantly based on case complexity
Lessons from U.S. Refund Processing
CBP's extended 60-90 day timeline, with potential further delays for compliance reviews, mirrors challenges Canadian importers face when seeking duty adjustments. Several lessons apply across both jurisdictions:
Documentation standards matter. CBP noted that compliance concerns can extend processing times indefinitely. Similarly, CBSA will delay or deny adjustment requests lacking proper commercial invoices, bills of lading, or certificates of origin. Working with experienced customs compliance professionals ensures your initial entries are accurate and any correction requests include complete supporting evidence.
Cash flow planning is essential. Whether waiting 60 days for a U.S. refund or several months for a Canadian duty drawback, tied-up capital affects operations. Building duty recovery timelines into financial projections prevents surprises.
Proactive classification prevents problems. The best duty adjustment is the one you never need to file. Investing in proper tariff classification and valuation before goods arrive saves time and money compared to post-entry corrections.
Cross-Border Considerations
Canadian importers receiving goods from the United States face unique challenges when tariff policies change in either country. CUSMA (formerly NAFTA) preferential rates depend on rules of origin that can shift when U.S. domestic content requirements change. If American suppliers modify sourcing in response to U.S. tariff adjustments, the Canadian tariff treatment of those same goods may change.
This interconnection means Canadian importers should:
- Monitor U.S. tariff policy changes that might affect supplier sourcing decisions
- Verify CUSMA eligibility whenever supplier manufacturing processes change
- Maintain communication with American vendors about origin documentation
- Review customs brokerage arrangements to ensure brokers monitor policy changes affecting your product categories
Managing Multi-Jurisdictional Duty Recovery
For importers operating in both countries or managing triangular shipments through U.S. ports before Canadian release, duty recovery can become particularly complex. Different documentation requirements, varying statutes of limitation, and separate filing systems require careful coordination.
Consider a scenario where goods manufactured in Asia arrive at a U.S. port, clear U.S. customs, then move to Canada under an in-bond arrangement. If tariff changes affect either the U.S. entry or Canadian import classification, you may need to pursue adjustments in both jurisdictions simultaneously, each with different timelines and requirements.
Experienced freight forwarders and customs brokers can coordinate these multi-jurisdictional scenarios, ensuring that documentation prepared for one country's adjustment request doesn't inadvertently complicate the other.
Prevention Over Correction
While understanding duty recovery processes is important, preventing overpayment remains more efficient than seeking refunds. Advance rulings from CBSA provide binding classification decisions before goods arrive, eliminating uncertainty. Regular compliance audits identify systemic classification errors before they multiply across multiple shipments.
For product lines with complex tariff treatment, investing in duty management expertise pays dividends through avoided overpayments, reduced adjustment requests, and improved cash flow predictability.
Moving Forward
As tariff policies continue evolving in both Canada and the United States, importers need robust processes for both preventing duty overpayments and efficiently recovering them when they occur. The extended timelines U.S. importers now face serve as a reminder that government processing capacity often lags behind policy changes.
Canadian importers should treat duty accuracy as a core operational competency rather than an administrative afterthought. Whether through internal expertise development or partnership with specialized service providers, ensuring correct duty payment from the outset remains far more efficient than managing correction processes after the fact.
Get Expert Guidance
Navigating duty recovery processes, CARM compliance, and cross-border tariff implications requires specialized expertise. CanFlow Global helps mid-market Canadian importers optimize customs processes, minimize duty costs, and manage compliance requirements efficiently. Contact our team to discuss how we can support your import operations.
Originally published at https://www.canflow-global.com/en/insights/what-us-tariff-refund-delays-mean-for-canadian-importers/.
