I stopped memorizing openssl flags

Every few weeks I need to do something with a certificate. Check when it expires. Look at what SANs are on it. Generate a self-signed one for local dev. Create a CSR. Convert between formats.

And every single time, I google the openssl command.

It's not that the commands are hard. It's that they're inconsistent enough that I can never quite remember them. Is it openssl x509 -in or openssl x509 -text? Do I need -noout? What about the s_client pipeline thing where I have to pipe through two commands just to see a cert from a live server?

I've been writing software for years. I can hold a lot of random CLI syntax in my head. But openssl never sticks. The subcommands follow no pattern I can internalize, and the flags feel like they were designed by committee across two decades. Which, to be fair, they were.

what I actually do with certificates

When I thought about it, my cert tasks fall into maybe 10 categories:

• Look at a cert file
• Connect to a server and see its TLS setup
• Check if a cert is expiring soon (across multiple hosts)
• Generate a self-signed cert for development
• Create a CSR
• Convert between PEM/DER/PKCS12
• Check if a cert and private key match
• Grade a server's TLS configuration
• Decode a JWT (yeah, this comes up more than I expected)
• Verify a certificate chain

That's it. I'm not running a certificate authority. I'm not doing low level crypto operations. I'm doing the same 10 things over and over, and reaching for a tool that does 200 things, most of which I'll never touch.

the openssl tax

Here's what some of these look like in openssl:

# check when a remote cert expires
echo | openssl s_client -connect host:443 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -enddate

# generate a self-signed cert with EC key and SANs
openssl req -x509 -newkey ec -pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:P-256 \
  -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes -batch \
  -subj "/CN=localhost"

# check if cert and key match
diff <(openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in cert.pem) \
     <(openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in key.pem)

I call it a tax because it's time I spend repeatedly, on something that should be simple, and the complexity doesn't buy me anything. I don't need openssl's full power. I need the 10 things.

so I built the 10 things

I wrote a tool called sslx. Same tasks, less typing:

# check when a remote cert expires
sslx expiry host

# generate a self-signed cert
sslx generate --cn localhost

# check if cert and key match
sslx match cert.pem key.pem

The pattern is: sslx <verb> <target>. That's it. No subcommand soup, no flags you need to memorize. The verbs are the same words you'd use if you were describing the task out loud.

Here's the full comparison:

what the output looks like

This is probably the part that sold me on actually using it daily. openssl gives you a wall of ASN.1 text. sslx gives you the parts you care about:

$ sslx grade github.com

  ╭──────────────────────────────────────────╮
  │  github.com:443                  Grade: A+  │
  ╰──────────────────────────────────────────╯

  ✓ Protocol      TLS 1.3
  ✓ Cipher        TLS13_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (AEAD)
  ✓ Certificate   Valid, 49 days remaining
  ✓ Key           ECDSA P-256 (256 bit)
  ✓ Hostname      github.com in SANs
  ✓ Chain         Complete (3 certs)
  ✓ ALPN          HTTP/2 supported

Or checking expiry across a bunch of hosts at once:

$ sslx expiry google.com github.com cloudflare.com stripe.com

  Host                           Expires          Days  Status
  ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  ✓ google.com:443                 2026-06-15         61  OK
  ✓ github.com:443                 2026-06-03         49  OK
  ✓ cloudflare.com:443             2026-06-10         56  OK
  ✓ stripe.com:443                 2026-09-01        139  OK

The expiry command returns exit code 1 if anything expires within 7 days. I have this in a cron job now.

CI/CD and scripting

Everything supports --json for when you need machine readable output:

sslx grade example.com --json | jq '.grade'
sslx inspect cert.pem --json | jq '.certificates[0].sans'

And you can pipe certs from stdin:

cat cert.pem | sslx inspect -
kubectl get secret tls-cert -o jsonpath='{.data.tls\.crt}' | base64 -d | sslx inspect -

That second one is real. I use it to check certs stored in k8s secrets without writing temp files.

the technical bits, briefly

It's written in Rust, single binary, no runtime dependencies. Uses rustls instead of linking against system OpenSSL, so it works the same everywhere. About 4MB.

It's fast too, though I don't think that matters much for a cert tool. sslx inspect on a local cert takes about 2ms.

Install with cargo or homebrew:

cargo install sslx
# or
brew install glincker/tap/sslx

what it doesn't do

sslx is not a replacement for openssl the library. It doesn't do symmetric encryption, PKCS operations, S/MIME, or any of the hundred other things openssl can do. If you need those, use openssl.

It replaces the 10 cert/TLS commands I kept googling. Nothing more.

github.com/glincker/sslx

If you have opinions about what commands are missing or how the output should look, open an issue. I'm using this daily so I actually read them.